我们在制作爬虫爬取想要的资料时，由于是计算机自动抓取，强度大、速度快，通常会给网站服务器带来巨大压力，所以同一个IP反复爬取同一个网页，就很可能被封，在这里介绍相关的技巧，以免被封；但在制作爬虫时，还是要适当加入延时代码，以减少对目标网站的影响。
一、requests设置代理:
import requests
proxies = { "http": "http://192.10.1.10:8080", "https": "http://193.121.1.10:9080", }
requests.get("http://targetwebsite.com", proxies=proxies)
二、Selenium+Chrome设置代理：
from selenium import webdriver
PROXY = "192.206.133.227:8080"
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.add_argument('--proxy-server={0}'.format(PROXY))
browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
browser.get('www.targetwebsize.com')
print(browser.page_source)
brsowser.close()
三、Selenium+Phantomjs设置代理:
# 利用DesiredCapabilities(代理设置)参数值，重新打开一个sessionId.
proxy=webdriver.Proxy()
proxy.proxy_type=ProxyType.MANUAL
proxy.http_proxy='192.25.171.51:8080'
# 将代理设置添加到webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS中
proxy.add_to_capabilities(webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS)
browser.start_session(webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS)
browser.get('http://www.targetwebsize.com')
print(browser.page_source)
# 还原为系统代理只需将proxy_type重新设置一次
proxy.proxy_type=ProxyType.DIRECT
proxy.add_to_capabilities(webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS)
browser.start_session(webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS)
四、爬虫框架scrapy设置代理:
在setting.py中添加代理IP
PROXIES = ['http://173.207.95.27:8080',
'http://111.8.100.99:8080',
'http://126.75.99.113:8080',
'http://68.146.165.226:3128']
而后，在middlewares.py文件中，添加下面的代码。
import scrapy from scrapy
import signals
import random
classProxyMiddleware(object):
''' 设置Proxy '''
def__init__(self, ip):
self.ip = ip
@classmethod
deffrom_crawler(cls, crawler):
return cls(ip=crawler.settings.get('PROXIES'))
defprocess_request(self, request, spider):
ip = random.choice(self.ip)
request.meta['proxy'] = ip
最后将我们自定义的类添加到下载器中间件设置中，如下。
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'myproject.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 543,}
五、Python异步Aiohttp设置代理:
proxy="http://192.121.1.10：9080"
asyncwithaiohttp.ClientSession()assession:
asyncwithsession.get("http://python.org",proxy=proxy)asresp:
print(resp.status)
# https方法一: # connector = SocksConnector.from_url('socks5://localhost:1080', rdns=True) # async with aiohttp.ClientSession(connector=connector) as sess: # https方法二: async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session: session.proxies = {'http': 'socks5h://127.0.0.1:1080', 'https': 'socks5h://127.0.0.1:1080'} headers = {'content-type': 'image/gif', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36' } cookies = {'cookies_are': 'working'} # proxy = "http://127.0.0.1:1080" with async_timeout.timeout(10):#设置请求的最长时间为10s # async with sess.get(url, proxy="http://54.222.232.0:3128") as res: async with session.get(url,headers=headers,cookies=cookies, verify_ssl=False) as res: text = await res.text() print(text)